Observation of a superradiant phase transition with emergent cat states

Abstract

Superradiant phase transitions (SPTs) are important for understanding light-matter interactions at the quantum level, and play a central role in criticality-enhanced quantum sensing. So far, SPTs have been observed in driven-dissipative systems, but the emergent light fields did not show any nonclassical characteristic due to the presence of strong dissipation. Here we report an experimental demonstration of the SPT featuring the emergence of a highly nonclassical photonic field, realized with a resonator coupled to a superconducting qubit, implementing the quantum Rabi model. We fully characterize the light-matter state by Wigner matrix tomography. The measured matrix elements exhibit quantum interference intrinsic of a photonic mesoscopic superposition, and reveal light-matter entanglement

20 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables

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• Quantum phase transition of the Jaynes-Cummings model
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• Experimental observation of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quantum phase transition
• Quantum phase transitions and cat states in cavity-coupled quantum dots
• Controlling the superradiant phase transition in the quantum Rabi model
• Quantum dense coding with gravitational cat states
• Spontaneous emission in Casimir-Rabi oscillations through a weak optomechanical coupling
• Lee-Yang theory of the superradiant phase transition in the open Dicke model
• Optimally robust shortcuts to population inversion in cat-state qubits
• Critical quantum geometric tensors of parametrically-driven nonlinear resonators
• Critical quantum metrology robust against dissipation and non-adiabaticity
• Experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking with emergent multi-qubit entanglement
• Revealing inherent quantum interference and entanglement of a Dirac particle
• Steady-state tripartite non-Gaussian entanglement and steering in output field from intracavity triple-photon parametric downconversion
• Exact steady state of quantum van der Pol oscillator: critical phenomena and enhanced metrology
• Thermal conductance at the superradiant phase transition in the quantum Rabi model
• Effective Field Theories and Finite-temperature Properties of Zero-dimensional Superradiant Quantum Phase Transitions
• Characterization of non-Markovianity with maximal extractable qubit-reservoir entanglement
• Nonreciprocal superradiant quantum phase transition induced by the magnon Kerr effect
• Optimal Dynamical Gauge in the Quantum Rabi Model
• Non-Gaussian Phase Transition and Cascade of Instabilities in the Dissipative Quantum Rabi Model
• Observation of photonic dynamics in dissipative quantum Rabi models
• Nonlinearity-driven Topology via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking