False vacuum decay in the 1+1 dimensional ${\phi }^4$ theory

Abstract

The false vacuum is a metastable state that can occur in quantum field theory, and its decay was first studied semi-classically by Coleman. In this work we consider the 1+1 dimensional ${\phi }^4$ theory, which is the simplest model that provides a realisation of this problem. We realise the decay as a quantum quench and study the subsequent evolution using a truncated Hamiltonian approach. In the thin wall limit, the decay rate can be described in terms of the mass of the kink interpolating between the vacua in the degenerate limit, and the energy density difference between the false and true vacuum once the degeneracy is lifted by a symmetry breaking field, a.k.a. the latent heat. We demonstrate that the numerical simulations agree well with the theoretical prediction for several values of the coupling in a range of the value of the latent heat, apart from a normalisation factor which only depends on the interaction strength.

10 pages, 9 figures; v2: new results added, discussion extended

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• Detecting a long lived false vacuum with quantum quenches
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• False vacuum decay and nucleation dynamics in neutral atom systems
• Enhancing Quantum Field Theory Simulations on NISQ Devices with Hamiltonian Truncation
• Theory of metastable states in many-body quantum systems
• Open quantum dynamics with variational non-Gaussian states and the truncated Wigner approximation
• Escaping fronts in local quenches of a confining spin chain
• Temperature driven false vacuum decay in coherently coupled Bose superfluids