Oscillatory Phenomena for Higher-Order Fractional Laplacians

Abstract

We collect some peculiarities of higher-order fractional Laplacians $(-\Delta {)}^s$, $s>1$, with special attention to the range $s\in (1,2)$, which show their oscillatory nature. These include the failure of the polarization and Pólya-Szegö inequalities and the explicit example of a domain with sign-changing first eigenfunction. In spite of these fluctuating behaviours, we prove how the Faber-Krahn inequality still holds for any $s>1$ in dimension one.