Parametric resonance in neutrino oscillations induced by ultra-light dark matter and implications for KamLAND and JUNO

Abstract

If ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) exists and couples to neutrinos, the neutrino oscillation probability might be significantly altered by a parametric resonance. This resonance can occur if the typical frequency of neutrino flavor-oscillations $\Delta m^2/(2E)$, where $\Delta m^2$ is the mass-squared difference of the neutrinos and $E$ is the neutrino energy, matches the oscillation frequency of the ULDM field, determined by its mass, $m_{\varphi }$. The resonance could lead to observable effects even if the ULDM coupling is very small, and even if its typical oscillation period, given by ${\tau }_{\varphi }=2\pi /m_{\varphi }$, is much shorter than the experimental temporal resolution. Defining a small parameter ${\epsilon }_{\varphi }$ to be the ratio between the contribution of the ULDM field to the neutrino mass and the vacuum value of the neutrino mass, the impact of the resonance is particularly significant if ${\epsilon }_{\varphi }{m}_{\varphi }L\gtrsim 4$, where $L$ is the distance between the neutrino source and the detector. Such parametric resonance can improve the fit to the KamLAND experiment measurements by about $3.5\sigma$ compared to standard oscillations. This scenario will be tested by the JUNO experiment.

12 pages, 3 figures

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