A new statistic on Dyck paths for counting 3-dimensional Catalan words
arXiv:2205.09686
Abstract
A 3-dimensional Catalan word is a word on three letters so that the subword on any two letters is a Dyck path. For a given Dyck path , a recently defined statistic counts the number of Catalan words with the property that any subword on two letters is exactly . In this paper, we enumerate Dyck paths with this statistic equal to certain values, including all primes. The formulas obtained are in terms of Motzkin numbers and Motzkin ballot numbers.