In-orbit background for X-ray detectors

Abstract

In-orbit background is an unavoidable feature of all space-borne X-ray detectors, and arises both from cosmic sources (diffuse or point-like) and from the interaction of the detectors themselves with the space environment (primary or secondary cosmic rays, geomagnetically trapped particles, activation of spacecraft structures). In this chapter the main background sources are discussed, with their principal effects on the various detector types, and simulation and mitigation strategies are described.

arXiv commentThis Chapter will appear in the Section "Detectors for X-ray astrophysics" (Section Editors: J-W den Herder, M. Feroci, N. Meidinger) of the "Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics" (Editors in chief: C. Bambi and A. Santangelo). 29 pages, 16 figures

References in corpus (17)

• Calibration of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array
• The Spectrum of Diffuse Cosmic Hard X-Rays Measured with HEAO-1
• NuSTAR Observations of the Bullet Cluster: Constraints on Inverse Compton Emission
• Cosmic X-ray background and Earth albedo Spectra with Swift/BAT
• Protons in near earth orbit
• INTEGRAL observations of the cosmic X-ray background in the 5-100 keV range via occultation by the Earth
• Cosmic-Ray Background Flux Model based on a Gamma-Ray Large-Area Space Telescope Balloon Flight Engineering Model
• The cosmic X-ray background and the population of the most heavily obscured AGNs
• INTEGRAL hard X-ray spectra of the cosmic X-ray background and Galactic ridge emission
• Background for a gamma-ray satellite on a low-Earth orbit
• In-flight performances of the BeppoSAX Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor
• Background simulations for the Large Area Detector onboard LOFT
• Hard X-ray emission of the Earth's atmosphere: Monte Carlo simulations
• A Model of the Cosmic Ray Induced Atmospheric Neutron Environment
• NuSTAR measurement of the cosmic X-ray background in the 3-20 keV energy band
• Geant4 simulations of soft proton scattering in X-ray optics. A tentative validation using laboratory measurements
• Modeling of proton-induced radioactivation background in hard X-ray telescopes: Geant4-based simulation and its demonstration by Hitomi's measurement in a low Earth orbit

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Early results from GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2
• Advancing Precision Particle Background Estimation for Future X-ray Missions: Correlated Variability between AMS and Chandra/XMM-Newton
• Simulation of proton-induced activation for low-Earth orbit high energy astrophysics missions