A Dynamical Evolution Study of the Open Clusters: Berkeley 10, Berkeley 81, Berkeley 89 and Ruprecht 135
arXiv:2204.07745 · doi:10.1016/j.newast.2022.101833
Abstract
By utilising Gaia EDR3 photometric / astrometric data, we studied the dynamical evolution from the obtained astrophysical, structural and dynamical parameters of the open clusters (OCs), Berkeley 10 (Be 10), Berkeley 81 (Be 81), Berkeley 89 (Be 89), and Ruprecht 135 (Ru 135). The Gaia EDR3 photometric distances from the isochrone fitting method are smaller than the ones of Gaia EDR2. The relaxation times of four OCs are smaller than their ages, in this regard, they are dynamically relaxed. Their steep overall mass function slopes mean that their low mass stars outnumber their massive ones. Their large / relatively small values imply an advanced mass segregation. Therefore, they seem to have lost their low-mass stars much to the field. Be 89's outer parts indicate an expansion with time. However, Be 10 and Be 81 show the relatively shrinkage core/cluster radii due to dynamical evolution. Ru 135 (1.0 Gyr) may have a primordial origin, instead of shrinking in size and mass with time. Be 89's tidal radius is less than its cluster radius. This means that its member stars lie within its tidal radius, in the sense it is gravitationally bound to the cluster. For the rest OCs, the cluster members beyond their tidal radii are gravitationally unbound to the clusters, which are more influenced by the potential of the Galaxy.
arXiv comment30 pages, 33 figures and 6 tables. Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
References in corpus (40)
- Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python
- On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
- PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
- Evolutionary tracks and isochrones for low- and intermediate-mass stars: from 0.15 to 7 M_sun, and from Z=0.0004 to 0.03
- Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
- Local Kinematics and the Local Standard of Rest
- Estimating distances from parallaxes IV: Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia Data Release 2
- The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
- galpy: A Python Library for Galactic Dynamics
- Evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars II. Optical to far-infrared isochrones with improved TP-AGB models
- Theoretical isochrones in several photometric systems I. Johnson-Cousins-Glass, HST/WFPC2, HST/NICMOS, Washington, and ESO Imaging Survey filter sets
- Gaia Early Data Release 3: The astrometric solution
- Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way II. The catalogue of basic parameters
- A Gaia DR2 view of the Open Cluster population in the Milky Way
- Gaia Data Release 2: Catalogue validation
- Painting a portrait of the Galactic disc with its stellar clusters
- The Optical to Mid-Infrared Extinction Law Based on the APOGEE, Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS1, SDSS, APASS, 2MASS and WISE Surveys
- The Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy (BeSSeL) Survey: Mapping the Milky Way with VLBI Astrometry
- Open clusters in dense fields: the importance of field-star decontamination for NGC5715, Lynga4, Lynga9, Trumpler23, Trumpler26 and Czernik37
- Clusters in the solar neighbourhood: how are they destroyed?
- Overlapping abundance gradients and azimuthal gradients related to the spiral structure of the Galaxy
- Halo Star Streams in the Solar Neighborhood
- The effect of spiral arm passages on the evolution of stellar clusters
- On the current status of open-cluster parameters
- N-Body Simulations of Compact Young Clusters near the Galactic Center
- The nature of the young and low-mass open clusters Pismis5, vdB80, NGC1931 and BDSB96
- The Gaia-ESO Survey: Insights on the inner-disc evolution from open clusters
- Old open clusters in the inner Galaxy: FSR1744, FSR89 and FSR31
- Astrometric and photometric study of Dias 4, Dias 6 and other five open clusters using ground based and Gaia DR2 data
- Determination of proper motions and membership of the open star cluster NGC2548
- Astrophysical parameters of 14 open clusters projected close to the Galactic plane
- Characterizing dynamical states of Galactic open clusters with Gaia DR2
- NGC 1817, NGC 2141, and Berkeley 81: three BOCCE clusters of intermediate age
- Characterizing low contrast Galactic open clusters with GAIA DR2
- Proper motions and membership probabilities of stars in the region of globular cluster NGC 6809
- Star Clusters Under Stress: Why Small Systems Cannot Dynamically Relax
- Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2
- A Dynamical Evolution Study of 40 2MASS Open Clusters
- Open clusters in 2MASS photometry - I. Structural and basic astrophysical parameters
- Astrophysical Parameters and Dynamical Evolution of Open Clusters: NGC 2587, Col 268, Mel 72, Pismis 7