Probing nucleon spin structure in deep-inelastic scattering, proton-proton collisions and Drell-Yan processes

Abstract

A pedagogical summary of current and past experimental results of spin-dependent nucleon structure prior to the arrival of the Electron-Ion Collider is attempted. After an introduction, results from fixed-target experiments at SLAC, Fermilab, Jefferson Lab, CERN and DESY and collider experiments from RHIC are presented, starting with the longitudinal spin structure of the nucleon, followed by generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which map the proton in transverse position space. The final part discusses transverse proton or parton spin and transverse parton momenta (TMDs), and their their (spin-orbit) correlations, which are addressed by a multitude of recent experimental results. The GPDs and TMDs provide complementary pathways to mapping multi-dimensional nucleon structure.

Presented at the 61. Cracow School of Theoretical Physics (Electron-Ion Collider Physics). This version submitted to Acta Physica Polonica B

References in corpus (23)

• Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm
• Global analysis of fragmentation functions for pions and kaons and their uncertainties
• Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Densities and Their Uncertainties
• A first unbiased global determination of polarized PDFs and their uncertainties
• A Unified Picture for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries in Hard Processes
• Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised proton
• Measurement of Single and Double Spin Asymmetries in Deep Inelastic Pion Electroproduction with a Longitudinally Polarized Target
• The Asymmetry of Antimatter in the Proton
• Measurement of Azimuthal Asymmetries With Respect To Both Beam Charge and Transverse Target Polarization in Exclusive Electroproduction of Real Photons
• Collins azimuthal asymmetries of hadron production inside jets
• Collider Physics at HERA
• Beam-helicity asymmetry arising from deeply virtual Compton scattering measured with kinematically complete event reconstruction
• Single and double spin asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering measured with CLAS and a longitudinally polarized proton target
• Final COMPASS results on the deuteron spin-dependent structure function $g_1^{\mathrm{d}}$ and the Bjorken sum rule
• Longitudinal target-spin asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering
• Constraints on the gluon Sivers distribution via transverse single spin asymmetries at midrapidity in p(transv. polarized) p -> pi^0 X processes at BNL RHIC
• Testing the universality of the Collins function in pion-jet production at RHIC
• Measurement of azimuthal asymmetries associated with deeply virtual Compton scattering on a longitudinally polarized deuterium target
• Measurements of $W$ and $Z/{\gamma }^{\ast }$ cross sections and their ratios in $p+p$ collisions at RHIC
• Transverse momentum dependent production cross sections of charged pions, kaons and protons produced in inclusive $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation at $\sqrt{s}=$ 10.58 GeV
• Observation of Beam Spin Asymmetries in the Process $ep\to e{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}X$ with CLAS12
• Transverse single-spin asymmetries of midrapidity ${\pi }^0$ and $\eta$ mesons in polarized $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV
• Transverse momentum dependent forward neutron single spin asymmetries in transversely polarized $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV