A lightweight three-user secure quantum summation protocol without a third party based on single-particle states
arXiv:2204.00991 · doi:10.1007/s11128-022-03652-0
Abstract
In this paper, a lightweight three-user secure quantum summation protocol is put forward by using single-particle states, which can accomplish the goal that three users cooperate together to calculate the modulo 2 addition of their private messages without the help of a third party. This protocol only requires single-particle states rather than quantum entangled states as the initial quantum resource, and only needs single-particle measurements and Bell basis measurements. This protocol needs none of quantum entanglement swapping, the Pauli operations, the controlled-not (CNOT) operation, the Hadamard gate or a pre-shared private key sequence. Security analysis proves that this protocol is secure against both the outside attacks and the participant attacks. Compared with the existing two-dimensional three-user quantum summation protocols, this protocol more or less takes advantage over them on the aspects of the initial quantum resource, users' quantum measurement, the usage of quantum entanglement swapping, the usage of Pauli operations, the usage of CNOT operation or the usage of Hadamard gate.
arXiv comment9 Pages, 2 Tables
References in corpus (12)
- Quantum Cryptography
- Theoretical efficient high capacity Quantum Key Distribution Scheme
- A near deterministic linear optical CNOT gate
- Quantum key distribution in the Holevo limit
- Eavesdropping on the "ping-pong" type quantum communication protocols with invisible photon
- Complete hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis for quantum communication
- CNOT and Bell-state analysis in the weak-coupling cavity QED regime
- Decoherence-Free Subspaces in Quantum Key Distribution
- Towards quantum-based privacy and voting
- Secure multi-party quantum summation based on quantum Fourier transform
- Two-party secure semiquantum summation against the collective-dephasing noise
- Three-party secure semiquantum summation without entanglement among quantum user and classical users