First Search for Unstable Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Abstract

We present a search for an unstable sterile neutrino by looking for a matter-induced signal in eight years of atmospheric $ν_μ$ data collected from 2011 to 2019 at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Both the (stable) three-neutrino and the 3+1 sterile neutrino models are disfavored relative to the unstable sterile neutrino model, though with $p$-values of 2.5\% and 0.81\%, respectively, we do not observe evidence for 3+1 neutrinos with neutrino decay. The best-fit parameters for the sterile neutrino with decay model from this study are $Δm_{41}^2=6.7^{+3.9}_{-2.5}\,\rm{eV}^2$, $\sin^2 2θ_{24}=0.33^{+0.20}_{-0.17}$, and $g^2=2.5π\pm1.5π$, where $g$ is the decay-mediating coupling. The preferred regions from short-baseline oscillation searches are excluded at 90\% C.L.