Topological Electromagnetic Effects and Higher Second Chern Numbers in Four-Dimensional Gapped Phases

Abstract

Higher-dimensional topological phases play a key role in understanding the lower-dimensional topological phases and the related topological responses through a dimensional reduction procedure. In this work, we present a Dirac-type model of four-dimensional (4D) ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ topological insulator (TI) protected by $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-symmetry, whose 3D boundary supports an odd number of Dirac cones. A specific perturbation splits each bulk massive Dirac cone into two valleys separated in energy-momentum space with opposite second Chern numbers, in which the 3D boundary modes become a nodal sphere or a Weyl semimetallic phase. By introducing the electromagnetic (EM) and pseudo-EM fields, exotic topological responses of our 4D system are revealed, which are found to be described by the (4+1)D mixed Chern-Simons theories in the low-energy regime. Notably, several topological phase transitions occur from a $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-broken ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ TI to a $\mathbb{Z}$ TI when the bulk gap closes by giving rise to exotic double-nodal-line/nodal-hyper-torus gapless phases. Finally, we propose to probe experimentally these topological effects in cold atoms.

arXiv commentSome typos have been corrected, and the relevant references have been added

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Topological Insulators with Hybrid-order Boundary States
• Four-dimensional Floquet topological insulator with an emergent second Chern number
• Second Euler number in four dimensional synthetic matter
• Synthetic spin-orbit coupling for the multispin models in optical lattices
• Eight-dimensional topological systems simulated using time-space crystalline structures