On the existence of derivations as square roots of generators of state-symmetric quantum Markov semigroups

Abstract

Cipriani and Sauvageot have shown that for any $L^2$-generator $L^{(2)}$ of a tracially symmetric quantum Markov semigroup on a C*-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ there exists a densely defined derivation $\delta$ from $\mathcal{A}$ to a Hilbert bimodule $H$ such that $L^{(2)}={\delta }^{\ast }\circ \overline{\delta }$. Here we show that this construction of a derivation can in general not be generalised to quantum Markov semigroups that are symmetric with respect to a non-tracial state. In particular we show that all derivations to Hilbert bimodules can be assumed to have a concrete form, and then we use this form to show that in the finite-dimensional case the existence of such a derivation is equivalent to the existence of a positive matrix solution of a system of linear equations. We solve this system of linear equations for concrete examples using Mathematica to complete the proof.

arXiv comment12 pages; Improved explanation of $L^2$-generators, corrected inaccuracies throughout the paper and added more details on the use of Mathematica