On the trail of a comet's tail: A particle tracking algorithm for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Abstract

Context. During the post-perihelion phase of the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission to comet 67P, the Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System on board the spacecraft took numerous image sequences of the near-nucleus coma, with many showing the motion of individual pieces of debris ejected from active surface areas into space. Aims. We aim to track the motion of individual particles in these image sequences and derive their projected velocities and accelerations. This should help us to constrain their point of origin on the surface, understand the forces that influence their dynamics in the inner coma, and predict whether they will fall back to the surface or escape to interplanetary space. Methods. We have developed an algorithm that tracks the motion of particles appearing as point sources in image sequences. Our algorithm employs a point source detection software to locate the particles and then exploits the image sequences' pair-nature to reconstruct the particle tracks and derive the projected velocities and accelerations. We also constrained the particle size from their brightness. Results. Our algorithm identified 2268 tracks in a sample image sequence. Manual inspection not only found that 1187 (~52%) of them are likely genuine, but in combination with runs on simulated data it also revealed a simple criterion related to the completeness of a track to single out a large subset of the genuine tracks without the need for manual intervention. A tentative analysis of a small (n = 89) group of particles exemplifies how our data can be used, and provides first results on the particles' velocity, acceleration, and radius distributions, which agree with previous work.

arXiv comment16 pages, 20 figures

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Diurnal ejection of boulder clusters on comet 67P lasting beyond 3 AU
• Ejection and Dynamics of Aggregates in the Coma of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
• Dynamics and potential origins of decimeter-sized particles around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
• Distribution and dynamics of decimeter-sized dust agglomerates in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko