GASP XXXVII: The Most Extreme Jellyfish Galaxies Compared to Other Disk Galaxies in Clusters, an HI Study

Abstract

We present the results of a VLA HI imaging survey aimed at understanding why some galaxies develop long extraplanar H$\alpha$ tails, becoming extreme jellyfish galaxies. The observations are centered on five extreme jellyfish galaxies, optically selected from the WINGS and OmegaWINGS surveys and confirmed to have long H$\alpha$ tails through MUSE observations. Each galaxy is located in a different cluster. In the observations there are in total 88 other spiral galaxies within the field of view (40'x40') and observed bandwidth (6500 km s${}^{-1}$). We detect 13 of these 88 spirals, plus one uncatalogued spiral, with HI masses ranging from 1 to 7 $\times$ 10${}^9$ M${}_{\odot }$. Many of these detections have extended HI disks, two show direct evidence for ram pressure stripping, while others are possibly affected by tidal forces and/or ram-pressure stripping. We stack the 75 non-detected spiral galaxies and find an average HI mass of 1.9 $\times$ 10${}^8$ M${}_{\odot }$, which given their average stellar mass, implies they are very HI deficient. Comparing the extreme jellyfish galaxies to the other disk galaxies, we find that they have a larger stellar mass than almost all disk galaxies and than all HI detected galaxies, they are at smaller projected distance from the cluster center and at higher relative velocity to the cluster mean than all HI detections and most non-detections. We conclude that the high stellar mass allows extreme jellyfish galaxies to fall deeply into the cluster before being stripped and the surrounding ICM pressure gives rise to their spectacular star-forming tails.

25 pages, 13 figures, accepted to ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (8)

• Walk on the Low Side: LOFAR explores the low-frequency radio emission of GASP jellyfish galaxies
• The MUSE view of ram pressure stripped galaxies in clusters: the GASP sample
• 3D modeling of the molecular gas kinematics in optically-selected jellyfish galaxies
• When the Well Runs Dry: Modeling Environmental Quenching of High-mass Satellites in Massive Clusters at \boldmath$z\gtrsim 1$
• GASP XXXIX: MeerKAT hunts Jellyfish in A2626
• Environmental cluster effects and galaxy evolution: The HI properties of the Abell clusters A85/A496/A2670
• The impact of ram pressure on cluster galaxies, insights from GAEA and TNG
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey -- I. Survey description and first evidence of ram pressure in the Fornax galaxy cluster