On quadratic Waring's problem in totally real number fields

Abstract

We improve the bound of the $g$-invariant of the ring of integers of a totally real number field, where the $g$-invariant $g(r)$ is the smallest number of squares of linear forms in $r$ variables that is required to represent all the quadratic forms of rank $r$ that are representable by the sum of squares. Specifically, we prove that the $g_{{\mathcal{O}}_K}(r)$ of the ring of integers ${\mathcal{O}}_K$ of a totally real number field $K$ is at most $g_{\mathbb{Z}}([K:\mathbb{Q}]r)$. Moreover, it can also be bounded by $g_{{\mathcal{O}}_F}([K:F]r+1)$ for any subfield $F$ of $K$. This yields a sub-exponential upper bound for $g(r)$ of each ring of integers (even if the class number is not $1$). Further, we obtain a more general inequality for the lattice version $G(r)$ of the invariant and apply it to determine the value of $G(2)$ for all but one real quadratic field.

16 pages; accepted in Proc. Am. Math. Soc

References in corpus (2)

• Pythagoras numbers of orders in biquadratic fields
• A cubic ring of integers with the smallest Pythagoras number

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Pythagoras numbers of orders in biquadratic fields
• Universal quadratic forms and indecomposables in number fields: A survey