Dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest-energy states in QCD and QED

Abstract

We examine the dynamics of quarks and gauge fields in the lowest energy states in the QED and QCD interactions by combining Schwinger's longitudinal confinement in (1+1)D with Polyakov's transverse confinement in (2+1)D in a ``stretch (2+1)D'' flux tube model in (3+1)D. For such QED and QED systems in the flux tube configuration with cylindrical symmetry, we separate out the transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom, approximate the non-Abelian QCD in the quasi-Abelian approximation, and solve the derived equations to study the collective excitations. We find stable collective QED and QCD excitations showing up as confined QED and QCD mesons, in support of previous theoretical studies and recent observations of the anomalous hypothetical X17 and E38 particles. Future theoretical lattice gauge calculations of QED in (3+1)D with the inclusion of the Schwinger longitudinal confinement mechanism and experimental confirmation of the hypothetical X17 and E38 particles will shed definitive light on quark confinement in the QED interaction in (3+1)D.

arXiv comment34 pages, 2 figures,

References in corpus (56)

• Observation of Anomalous Internal Pair Creation in ${}^8$Be: A Possible Signature of a Light, Neutral Boson
• Vortex Strings and Four-Dimensional Gauge Dynamics
• Symmetries and Strings of Adjoint QCD${}_2$
• Protophobic Fifth Force Interpretation of the Observed Anomaly in ${}^8$Be Nuclear Transitions
• Particle Physics Models for the 17 MeV Anomaly in Beryllium Nuclear Decays
• The Effective Theory of Long Strings
• Quantum Vortex Strings: A Review
• Search for vector mediator of Dark Matter production in invisible decay mode
• Search for a Hypothetical 16.7 MeV Gauge Boson and Dark Photons in the NA64 Experiment at CERN
• The BPS Spectra of Gauge Theories in Two and Four Dimensions
• A viable QCD axion in the MeV mass range
• On the effective action of confining strings
• A new anomaly observed in ${}^4$He supports the existence of the hypothetical X17 particle
• Gauss's Law, Duality, and the Hamiltonian Formulation of U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory
• Universality in Two Dimensional Gauge Theory.
• Lattice Quantum Electrodynamics in (3+1)-dimensions at finite density with Tensor Networks
• On the effective theory of long open strings
• A gauge redundancy-free formulation of compact QED with dynamical matter for quantum and classical computations
• Inside the SU(3) quark-antiquark QCD flux tube: screening versus quantum widening
• Explanation of the 17 MeV Atomki Anomaly in a $U(1{)}^{\prime }$-Extended 2-Higgs Doublet Model
• Can nuclear physics explain the anomaly observed in the internal pair production in the Beryllium-8 nucleus?
• Compact QED under scrutiny: it's first order
• Study of the Dependence of Direct Soft Photon Production on the Jet Characteristics in Hadronic Z^0 Decays
• Atomki Anomaly in Family-Dependent $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ Extension of the Standard Model
• Colour field densities of the quark-antiquark excited flux tubes in SU(3) lattice QCD
• The X17 boson and the ${}^3$H$(p,e^{+}{e}^{-}{)}^4$He and ${}^3$He$(n,e^{+}{e}^{-}{)}^4$He processes: a theoretical analysis
• Di-Pion Decays of Heavy Quarkonium in the Field Correlator Method
• New Physics Suggested by Atomki Anomaly
• Is There a Sign of New Physics in Beryllium Transitions?
• Confirmation of a soft photon signal in excess of Q.E.D. expectations in pi p interactions at 280 GeV/c
• Anomalous soft photon production from the induced currents in Dirac sea
• Soft Photons in Hadron-Hadron Collisions: Synchrotron Radiation from the QCD Vacuum?
• Accommodating three low-scale anomalies (g-2, Lamb shift, and Atomki) in the framed standard model
• The spectrum of multi-flavor QCD_2 and the non-Abelian Schwinger equation
• Observation of the Muon Inner Bremsstrahlung at LEP1
• Schwinger Particle-Production Mechanism for a Finite-Length Flux Tube with Transverse Confinement
• Consistency of data on soft photon production in hadronic interactions
• Soft photon anomaly and gauge/string duality
• On the Spectrum of QCD(1+1) with SU(N_c) Currents
• Open string QED meson description of the X17 particle and dark matter
• The Wigner Function of Produced Particles in String Fragmentation
• Automatic Fine-Tuning in the 2-Flavor Schwinger Model
• Gluon dominance model and cluster production
• The Compactification of QCD${}_4$ to QCD${}_2$ in a Flux Tube
• Soft-photon radiation in high-energy proton-proton collisions within the tensor-Pomeron approach: Bremsstrahlung
• An Overview of the Anomalous Soft Photons in Hadron Production
• A Re-evaluation of Evidence for Light Neutral Bosons in Nuclear Emulsions
• Clear correlation between monopoles and the chiral condensate in SU(3) QCD
• Lattice pure gauge compact QED in the Landau gauge: the photon propagator, the phase structure and the presence of Dirac strings
• Generalizations of the Sommerfield and Schwinger models
• On the stability of the open-string QED neutron and dark matter
• On the question of quark confinement in the Abelian U(1) QED gauge interaction
• Anomalous Soft Photons associated with Hadron Production in String Fragmentation
• The Schwinger Point
• Probing new physics at the LUXE experiment
• $Z_0(57)$ and $E(38)$: possible surprises in the Standard Model

Cited by in corpus (1)

• QED meson description of the anomalous particles at ~17 and ~38 MeV