$g$-invariant on unary Hermitian lattices over imaginary quadratic fields with class number $2$ or $3$

Abstract

In this paper, we study the unary Hermitian lattices over imaginary quadratic fields. Let $E=\mathbb{Q}\left(\sqrt{-d}\right)$ be an imaginary quadratic field for a square-free positive integer $d$, and let $\mathcal{O}$ be its ring of integers. For each positive integer $m$, let $I_m$ be the free Hermitian lattice over $\mathcal{O}$ with an orthonormal basis, let ${\mathfrak{S}}_d(1)$ be the set consisting of all positive definite integral unary Hermitian lattices over $\mathcal{O}$ that can be represented by some $I_m$, and let $g_d(1)$ be the smallest positive integer such that all Hermitian lattices in ${\mathfrak{S}}_d(1)$ can be represented by $I_{g_d(1)}$ uniformly. The main results of this paper determine the explicit form of ${\mathfrak{S}}_d(1)$ and the exact value of $g_d(1)$ for every imaginary quadratic field $E$ with class number $2$ or $3$.