Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Abstract

Energy spectra of the most energetic hadrons in the core region of extensive air showers (EAS) were studied in dependence on the EAS energy $E_0$ in the hybrid experiment HADRON at the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station. For the first time by direct measurement it was found in this experiment that the slope of the power energy spectrum of EAS hadrons diminishes itself locally, and the average hadron energy, correspondingly, increases between the $E_0$ borders 3PeV and 20PeV. Such behavior agrees with threshold appearance in EAS, in the same energy range, of a long-flying penetrative component which was earlier revealed at the Tien Shan station. Now we reconsider this Tien Shan result in comparison with the new data of modern collider experiments. The analysis permits to state unambiguously an astrophysical nature of the penetrative EAS component, and to discuss its probable connection with the origin of the famous knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays at $E_0\simeq 3$ PeV.

References in corpus (7)

• The spectrum of high-energy cosmic rays measured with KASCADE-Grande
• Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers
• All-particle primary energy spectrum in the 3-200 PeV energy range
• Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Ankle
• The spectra and composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the measurement of the proton-air cross section
• New insights from old cosmic rays: A novel analysis of archival KASCADE data
• Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays: Anomalies, QCD, and LHC data