The q-Log-Concavity and Unimodality of q-Kaplansky Numbers

Abstract

$q$-Kaplansky numbers were considered by Chen and Rota. We find that $q$-Kaplansky numbers are connected to the symmetric differences of Gaussian polynomials introduced by Reiner and Stanton. Based on the work of Reiner and Stanton, we establish the unimodality of $q$-Kaplansky numbers. We also show that $q$-Kaplansky numbers are the generating functions for the inversion number and the major index of two special kinds of $(0,1)$-sequences. Furthermore, we show that $q$-Kaplansky numbers are strongly $q$-log-concave.