Laser Manipulation of Spin-Exchange Interaction Between Alkaline-Earth Atoms in ${}^1$S${}_0$ and ${}^3$P${}_2$ States

Abstract

Ultracold gases of fermionic alkaline-earth (like) atoms are hopeful candidates for the quantum simulation of many-body physics induced by magnetic impurities (e.g., the Kondo physics), because there are spin-exchange interactions (SEIs) between two atoms in the electronic ground (${}^1$S${}_0$) and metastable (${}^3$P) state, respectively. Nevertheless, this SEI cannot be tuned via magnetic Feshbach resonance. In this work we propose three methods to control the SEI between one atom in the ${}^1$S${}_0$ state and another atom in the ${}^3$P${}_2$ states or ${}^3$P${}_2$-${}^3$P${}_0$ dressed states, with one or two laser beams.These methods are based on the spin-dependent AC-Stark shifts of the ${}^3$P${}_2$ states, or the ${}^3$P${}_2$-${}^3$P${}_0$ Raman coupling. We show that due to the structure of alkaline-earth (like) atoms, the heating effects induced by the laser beams of our methods are very weak. For instance, for ultracold Yb atoms, AC-Stark-shift difference of variant spin states of the ${}^3$P${}_2(F=3/2)$ level, or the strength of the ${}^3$P${}_2$-${}^3$P${}_0$ Raman coupling, could be of the order of $(2\pi )$MHz, while the heating rate (photon scattering rate) is only of the order of Hz. As a result, the Feshbach resonances, with which one can efficiently control the SEI by changing the laser intensity, may be induced by the laser beams with low-enough heating rate, even if the scattering lengths of the bare inter-atomic interaction are so small that being comparable with the length scale associated with the van der Waals interaction.

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• Tools for quantum simulation with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
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Cited by in corpus (1)

• A New Clock Transition with the Highest Sensitivity to $\alpha$ Variation and Simultaneous Magic Trapping Conditions with Other Clock Transitions in Yb