NISQ: Error Correction, Mitigation, and Noise Simulation

Abstract

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and fault-tolerance. These invite us to rethink QEC, in particular, about the role that quantum physics plays in terms of encoding and decoding. The fact that many quantum algorithms, especially near-term hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, only use limited types of local measurements on quantum states, leads to various new techniques called Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM). This work examines the task of QEM from several perspectives. Using some intuitions built upon classical and quantum communication scenarios, we clarify some fundamental distinctions between QEC and QEM. We then discuss the implications of noise invertibility for QEM, and give an explicit construction called Drazin-inverse for non-invertible noise, which is trace preserving while the commonly-used Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse may not be. Finally, we study the consequences of having an imperfect knowledge about the noise, and derive conditions when noise can be reduced using QEM.

arXiv comment15+5 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (6)

• Supplementary information for "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor"
• Mixed State Entanglement and Quantum Error Correction
• Error mitigation for short-depth quantum circuits
• Error-mitigated digital quantum simulation
• Learning-based quantum error mitigation
• The inverse eigenvalue problem for quantum channels

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Coherence requirements for quantum communication from hybrid circuit dynamics
• HamLib: A library of Hamiltonians for benchmarking quantum algorithms and hardware
• Noise effects on purity and quantum entanglement in terms of physical implementability
• The battle of clean and dirty qubits in the era of partial error correction
• Unified multivariate trace estimation and quantum error mitigation