Emergence of space from non-equilibrium thermodynamics in f(R) gravity

Abstract

It has shown that the accelerated expansion of the FRW Universe can be explained as the quest towards the holographic equipartition ($N_{sur}=N_{bulk}$), satisfies the expansion law $\frac{dV}{dt}=l_P^2\left(N_{sur}-\epsilon N_{bulk}\right)$, from which one can derive the Friedmann equation of the FRW Universe in Einstein gravity \cite{paddy2012jun}. We introduce a generic derivation of the expansion law from the generalized first law of thermodynamics $-dE=TdS$ and $dE=TdS+WdV$. The generic derivation provides an expression for $N_{sur}$ in terms of entropy $S$ and the expansion law consistent with gravity theories having different entropy $S$, like Gauss-Bonnet and more general Lovelock gravity. We extended the same idea to the non-equilibrium situation and obtained the expansion law in f(R) gravity as a specific case. For this, we used the first law of thermodynamics in non-equilibrium description having the extra entropy production term $T{d}_{i}S.$

19 pages

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Emergence of cosmic space and its connection with thermodynamic principles