Higher-order extension of Starobinsky inflation: initial conditions, slow-roll regime, and reheating phase

Abstract

The most current observational data corroborate the Starobinsky model as one of the strongest candidates in the description of an inflationary regime. Motivated by such success, extensions of the Starobinsky model have been increasingly recurrent in the literature. The theoretical justification for this is well grounded: higher-order gravities arise in high-energy physics in the search for the ultraviolet completeness of general relativity. In this paper, we propose to investigate the inflation due to the extension of the Starobinsky model characterized by the inclusion of the $R^3$ term. We make a complete analysis of the potential and phase space of the model, where we observe the existence of three regions with distinct dynamics for the scalar field. We can establish restrictive limits for the number of $e$-folds through a study of the reheating and by considering the usual couplings of the standard matter fields and gravity. Thereby, we duly confront our model with the observational data from Planck, BICEP3/Keck, and BAO. Finally, we discuss how the inclusion of the cubic term restricts the initial conditions necessary for the occurrence of a physical inflation.

15 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables. In this version that matches the one published in Phys. Rev. D, the pivot scale used to develop Sec. V was modified. Besides, to incorporate the referee's comments, the discussions in Secs. III, VA, and VC were expanded, the references were updated and there were improvements throughout the text

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• Modified Starobinsky inflation by the $R\ln \left(\square \right)R$ term
• Second-order corrections to Starobinsky inflation
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• An exact solution of the higher-order gravity in standard radiation-dominated era