Spin-triplet superconductor$-$quantum anomalous Hall insulator$-$spin-triplet superconductor Josephson junctions: $0$-$\pi$ transition, ${\varphi }_0$ phase and switch effects

Abstract

We study the Josephson effect in spin-triplet superconductor$-$quantum anomalous Hall insulator$-$spin-triplet superconductor junctions using the nonequilibrium Green function method. The current-phase difference relations show strong dependence on the orientations of the $\mathbf{d}$-vectors in superconductors. We focus on two $\mathbf{d}$-vector configurations, the parallel one with the left and right $\mathbf{d}$-vectors being in the same direction, and the nonparallel one with the left $\mathbf{d}$-vector fixed at the $z$-axis. For the parallel configuration, the $0$-$\pi$ transition can be realized when one rotates the $\mathbf{d}$-vectors from the parallel to the junction plane to the perpendicular direction. The ${\varphi }_0$ phase with nonzero Josephson current at zero phase difference can be obtained as long as $d_x{d}_z\ne 0$. For the nonparallel configuration, the $0$-$\pi$ transition and the ${\varphi }_0$ phase still exist. The condition for the formation of the ${\varphi }_0$ phase becomes $d_{Rx}\ne 0$. The switch effects of the Josephson current are found in both configurations when the $\mathbf{d}$-vectors are rotated in the $xy$ plane. Furthermore, the symmetries satisfied by the current-phase difference relations are analysed in details by the operations of the time-reversal, mirror-reflections, the spin-rotation and the gauge transformation, which can well explain the above selection rules for the ${\varphi }_0$ phase. Our results reveal the peculiar Josephson effect between spin-triplet superconductors and the quantum anomalous Hall insulator, which provide helpful phases and effects for the device designs. The distinct current-phase difference relations for different orientations may be used to determine the direction of the $\mathbf{d}$-vector in the spin-triplet superconductor.

9 pages,4 figures

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• Field-free Josephson diode effect in altermagnet/normal metal/altermagnet junctions
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