Long-Term Evolution of Magnetic Fields in Flaring Active Region NOAA 12673

Abstract

During the lifetime of AR 12673, its magnetic field evolved drastically and produced numerous large flares. In this study, using full maps of the Sun observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, we identified that AR 12673 emerged in decayed AR 12665, which had survived for two solar rotations. Although both ARs emerged at the same location, they possessed different characteristics and different flare productivities. Therefore, it is important to study the long-term magnetic evolution of both ARs to identify the distinguishing characteristics of an AR that can produce large solar flares. We used the Spaceweather Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Active Region Patch data to investigate the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field and other physical properties of the recurring ARs during five Carrington rotations. All these investigated parameters dynamically evolved through a series of solar rotations. We compared the long-term evolution of AR 12665 and AR 12673 to understand the differences in their flare-producing properties. We also studied the relation of the long-term evolution of these ARs with the presence of active longitude. We found that the magnetic flux and complexity of AR 12673 developed much faster than those of AR 12665. Our results confirmed that a strong emerging flux that emerged in the pre-existing AR near the active longitude created a very strong and complex AR that produced large flares.

arXiv commentAccepted in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

References in corpus (42)

• The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Vector Magnetic Field Pipeline: SHARPs -- Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches
• The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Vector Magnetic Field Pipeline: Overview and Performance
• Solar Flare Prediction Using SDO/HMI Vector Magnetic Field Data with a Machine-Learning Algorithm
• VFISV: Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector for the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager
• Flare-productive active regions
• A Comparison of Flare Forecasting Methods. II. Benchmarks, Metrics and Performance Results for Operational Solar Flare Forecasting Systems
• Identifying Solar Flare Precursors Using Time Series of SDO/HMI Images and SHARP Parameters
• Successive X-class flares and coronal mass ejections driven by shearing motion and sunspot rotation in active region NOAA 12673
• Block-induced complex structures building the flare-productive solar active region 12673
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of the X2.2 Solar Flare on 2011 February 15: I. Comparison with the Observations
• Eruption of a multi-flux-rope system in solar active region 12673 leading to the two largest flares in Solar Cycle 24
• Nonlinear Force-Free Extrapolation of the Coronal Magnetic Field Based on the MHD Relaxation Method
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of the X2.2 Solar Flare on 2011 February 15: II. Dynamics Connecting the Solar Flare and the Coronal Mass Ejection
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of the X9.3 Flare on 2017 September 6: Evolving Magnetic Topology
• Feature ranking of active region source properties in solar flare forecasting and the uncompromised stochasticity of flare occurrence
• Successive flux rope eruptions from $\delta$-Sunspots region of NOAA 12673 and associated X-class eruptive flares on 2017 September 6
• Preferred sunspot longitudes: Non-axisymmetry and differential rotation
• Helicity Observation of Weak and Strong Fields
• On the origin of two X-class flares in active region NOAA 12673 - Shear flows and head-on collision of new and pre-existing flux
• Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of a Solar Eruption Associated with X9.3 Flare Observed in Active Region 12673
• Magnetic Structure Producing X- and M-Class Solar Flares in Solar Active Region 11158
• Magnetic Flux Transport and the Long-Term Evolution of Solar Active Regions
• Rapid buildup of a magnetic flux rope during a confined X2.2 class flare in NOAA AR 12673
• Magnetic helicity and eruptivity in active region 12673
• Active Longitude and Solar Flare Occurrences
• Very fast helicity injection leading to critically stable state and large eruptive activity in solar active region NOAA 12673
• Structure and Stability of Magnetic Fields in Solar Active Region12192 Based on Nonlinear Force-Free Field Modeling
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations for Studying Solar Flare Trigger Mechanism
• Triggering Process of the X1.0 Three-ribbon Flare in the Great Active Region NOAA 12192
• Continuous Null-Point Magnetic Reconnection Builds Up a Torus Unstable Magnetic Flux Rope Triggering the X9.3 Flare in Solar Active Region~12673
• On the variation of solar coronal rotation using SDO/AIA observations
• A Statistical Study on Photospheric Magnetic Nonpotentiality of Active Regions and Its Relationship with Flares during Solar Cycles 22-23
• Distinguishing between Flaring and Non-Flaring Active Regions: A Machine Learning Perspective
• An MHD Modeling of Successive X2.2 and X9.3 Solar Flares of 2017 September 6
• Solar Active Longitudes From Kodaikanal White-light Digitized Data
• Evolution of the Non-potential Magnetic Field in the Solar Active Region 12673 Based on a Nonlinear Force-free Modeling
• Intrusion of Magnetic Peninsula toward the Neighboring Opposite-polarity Region That Triggers the Largest Solar Flare in Solar Cycle 24
• Magnetic Helicity Flux across Solar Active Region Photospheres: II. Association of Hemispheric Sign Preference with Flaring Activity during Solar Cycle 24
• Peculiarities of the Dynamics of Solar NOAA Active Region 12673
• Analysis of a long-duration AR throughout five solar rotations: Magnetic properties and ejective events
• Photospheric Magnetic Free Energy Density of Solar Active Regions
• Magnetic and Velocity Field Topology in Active Regions of Descending Phase of the Solar Cycle 23