Generalized plasma waves in layered superconductors

Abstract

In a layered and strongly anisotropic superconductor the hybrid modes provided by the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the matter identify two well separate energy scales connected to the large in-plane plasma frequency and to the soft out-of-plane Josephson plasmon. Despite the wide interest in their detection and manipulation by means of different experimental protocols, a unified description of plasma waves valid at arbitrary energy and momentum is still lacking. Here we provide a complete description of generalized plasma waves in a layered superconductors by taking advantage of their connection to the gauge-invariant superconducting phase. We show that the anisotropy of the superfluid response leads to two intertwined hybrid light-matter modes with mixed longitudinal and transverse character, while a purely longitudinal plasmon is only recovered for wavevectors larger than the crossover scale set in by the plasma-frequencies anisotropy. Interestingly, below such scale both modes appears with equal weight in the physical density response. Our results open a promising perspective for plasmonic applications made possible by the next-generation spectroscopic techniques able to combine sub-micron momentum resolution with THz energy resolution.

arXiv comment19 pages, 7 figures

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• Probing the bulk plasmon continuum of layered materials through electron energy loss spectroscopy in a reflection geometry
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• Linear spectroscopy of collective modes and the gap structure in two-dimensional superconductors
• Structure factors and quantum geometry in multiband BCS superconductors
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• Two-dimensional THz spectroscopy in electronic systems: a many-body diagrammatic approach
• Strongly correlated model of acousticlike plasmons persisting across the phase diagram of cuprate superconductors