Structure of Chern-Simons Scattering Amplitudes from Topological Equivalence Theorem and Double-Copy

Abstract

We study the mechanism of topological mass-generation for 3d Chern-Simons (CS) gauge theories, where the CS term can retain the gauge symmetry and make gauge boson topologically massive. Without CS term the 3d massless gauge boson has a single physical transverse polarization state, while adding the CS term converts it into a massive physical polarization state and conserves the total physical degrees of freedom. We newly formulate the mechanism of topological mass-generation at $S$-matrix level. For this, we propose and prove a new Topological Equivalence Theorem (TET) which connects the $N$-point scattering amplitude of the gauge boson's physical polarization states ($A_{\mathrm{P}}^a$) to that of the transverse polarization states ($A_{\mathrm{T}}^a$) under high energy expansion. We present a general 3d power counting method on the leading energy dependence of $N$-point scattering amplitudes in both topologically massive Yang-Mills (TMYM) and topologically massive gravity (TMG) theories. With these, we uncover a general energy cancellation mechanism for $N$-gauge boson scattering amplitudes which predicts the cancellation $E^4\to E^{4-N}$ at tree level. Then, we compute the four-point amplitudes of $A_{\mathrm{P}}^a$'s and of $A_{\mathrm{T}}^a$'s, with which we explicitly demonstrate the TET and establish such energy cancellations. We further extend the double-copy approach and construct the four-point massive graviton amplitude of the TMG theory from the massive gauge boson amplitude of the TMYM theory. With these, we newly uncover striking large energy cancellations $E^{12}\to E^1$ in the four-graviton amplitude of the TMG, and establish its new correspondence to the leading energy cancellations $E^4\to E^0$ in the four-gauge boson amplitude of the TMYM.

46 pages. All results and conclusions unchanged. Only minor refinements to stress the focus and new contributions of this paper. References added

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• Chirality of Gravitational Waves in Chern-Simons $f(R)$ Gravity Cosmology
• Structure of Kaluza-Klein Graviton Scattering Amplitudes from Gravitational Equivalence Theorem and Double-Copy
• Generalized Black Holes in 3D Kerr-Schild Double Copy
• Scattering Amplitudes of Kaluza-Klein Strings and Extended Massive Double-Copy
• Massive Color-Kinematics Duality and Double-Copy for Kaluza-Klein Scattering Amplitudes
• Topological Equivalence Theorem and Double-Copy for Chern-Simons Scattering Amplitudes
• Structure of Massive Gauge/Gravity Scattering Amplitudes, Equivalence Theorems, and Extended Double-Copy with Compactified Warped Space
• Cotton Double Copy for Gravitational Waves
• Equivalence Theorems and Double-Copy Structure in Scattering Amplitudes of Massive Kaluza-Klein States with Matter Interactions