Mathematical expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy for different energy-momentum tensors

Abstract

Expressions for the quantum fluctuations of energy density have been derived for the subsystems consisting of hot relativistic gas of particles with spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and mass $m$. Our expressions for the fluctuation depend on the form of energy-momentum tensor which in turn depend on the choice of pseudo-gauge. These results suggest that quantum fluctuations of energy should be considered seriously in the case of the very small thermodynamic systems.

Presented at The Ninth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics-LHCP2021, 7-12 June 2021 (online)