The dispersal of protoplanetary discs. II: Photoevaporation models with observationally derived irradiating spectra

Abstract

Young solar-type stars are known to be strong X-ray emitters and their X-ray spectra have been widely studied. X-rays from the central star may play a crucial role in the thermodynamics and chemistry of the circumstellar material as well as in the atmospheric evolution of young planets. In this paper we present model spectra based on spectral parameters derived from the observations of young stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster from the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP). The spectra are then used to calculate new photoevaporation prescriptions that can be used in disc and planet population synthesis models. Our models clearly show that disc wind mass loss rates are controlled by the stellar luminosity in the soft (100 eV - 1 keV) X- ray band. New analytical relations are provided for the mass loss rates and profiles of photoevaporative winds as a function of the luminosity in the soft X-ray band. The agreement between observed and predicted transition disc statistics moderately improved using the new spectra, but the observed population of strongly accreting large cavity discs can still not be reproduced by these models. Furthermore, our models predict a population of non-accreting transition discs that are not observed. This highlights the importance of considering the depletion of millimeter-sized dust grains from the outer disc, which is a likely reason why such discs have not been detected yet.

12 pages, 7 tables, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (15)

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• Towards a population synthesis of discs and planets. II. Confronting disc models and observations at the population level
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• The importance of X-ray frequency in driving photoevaporative winds
• Toward a Population Synthesis of Disks and Planets I. Evolution of Dust with Entrainment in Winds and Radiation Pressure
• High-resolution [OI] line spectral mapping of TW Hya consistent with X-ray driven photoevaporation
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Scattered light detection of a possible disk wind in RY Tau
• Millimeter emission in photoevaporating disks is determined by early substructures
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: Synthetic observations of transition disks
• Monitoring accretion rate variability in the Orion Nebula Cluster with the Wendelstein Wide Field Imager
• The interplay between forming planets and photo-evaporating discs I: Forbidden line diagnostics
• Accretion of aerodynamically large pebbles
• Dust Dynamics in Transitional Disks: Clumping and Disk Recession
• Rubin LSST observing strategies to maximize volume and uniformity coverage of Star Forming Regions in the Galactic Plane
• The dispersal of protoplanetary discs -- III: Influence of stellar mass on disc photoevaporation