Unconventional quantum phase transitions in a one-dimensional Lieb-Schultz-Mattis system

Abstract

We study quantum phases and phase transitions in a one-dimensional interacting fermion system with a Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) type anomaly. Specifically, the inversion symmetry enforces any symmetry-preserving gapped ground state of the system to be a Kitaev chain, following a Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorem that we prove. Alternatively, via the Jordan-Wigner transformation, this system describes a spin system whose gapped ground states must break either the inversion or the Ising symmetry associated with fermion parity. We obtain a phase diagram using analytical methods and variational matrix product state simulations, and study the critical behaviors of the quantum phase transitions therein using entanglement entropy, energy variance and finite size scaling of order parameters. In particular, we observe continuous phase transitions between different ordered phases that are beyond the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson paradigm, in analogy to the deconfined quantum critical points in two spatial dimensions. We show this type of 1D deconfined quantum critical point is described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory, and extract the Luttinger parameter and critical exponents. We also identify a gapless phase between two ordered phases, which cannot be described by a U(1) Luttinger liquid.

18 pages, 22 figures

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• Reviving the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem in Open Quantum Systems
• Deconfined Quantum Critical Point: A Review of Progress
• Non-Landau quantum phase transition in modulated SU(N) Heisenberg spin chains
• Exact quantization of topological order parameter in SU($N$) spin models, $N$-ality transformation and ingappabilities