$\text{TESS}$ Giants Transiting Giants I: A Non-inflated Hot Jupiter Orbiting a Massive Subgiant

Abstract

While the population of confirmed exoplanets continues to grow, the sample of confirmed transiting planets around evolved stars is still limited. We present the discovery and confirmation of a hot Jupiter orbiting TOI-2184 (TIC 176956893), a massive evolved subgiant ($M_{\star }=1.53\pm 0.12M_{\odot }$, $R_{\star }=2.90\pm 0.14R_{\odot }$) in the $\text{TESS}$ Southern Continuous Viewing Zone. The planet was flagged as a false positive by the $\text{TESS}$ Quick-Look Pipeline due to periodic systematics introducing a spurious depth difference between even and odd transits. Using a new pipeline to remove background scattered light in $\text{TESS}$ Full Frame Image (FFI) data, we combine space-based $\text{TESS}$ photometry, ground-based photometry, and ground-based radial velocity measurements to report a planet radius of $R_p=1.017\pm 0.051R_J$ and mass of $M_p=0.65\pm 0.16M_J$. For a planet so close to its star, the mass and radius of TOI-2184b are unusually well matched to those of Jupiter. We find that the radius of TOI-2184b is smaller than theoretically predicted based on its mass and incident flux, providing a valuable new constraint on the timescale of post-main-sequence planet inflation. The discovery of TOI-2184b demonstrates the feasibility of detecting planets around faint ($\text{TESS}$ magnitude $>12$) post-main sequence stars and suggests that many more similar systems are waiting to be detected in the $\text{TESS}$ FFIs, whose confirmation may elucidate the final stages of planetary system evolution.

20 pages, 13 figures