Stably free modules and the unstable classification of 2-complexes

Abstract

For all $k\ge 2$, we show that there exists a group $G$ and a non-free stably free $\mathbb{Z}G$-module of rank $k$. We use this to show that, for all $k\ge 2$, there exist homotopically distinct finite $2$-complexes with fundamental group $G$ and with Euler characteristic exceeding the minimal value over $G$ by $k$. This resolves Problem D5 in the 1979 Problem List of C. T. C. Wall. We also explore a number of generalisations and present a potential application to the topology of closed smooth 4-manifolds.

29 pages. Final version, to appear in Mathematische Annalen