Reservoir-assisted symmetry breaking and coalesced zero-energy modes in an open PT-symmetric Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model

Abstract

We study a model consisting of a central $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric trimer with non-Hermitian strength parameter $\gamma$ coupled to two semi-infinite Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) leads. We show the existence of two zero-energy modes, one of which is localized while the other is anti-localized. For the remaining eigenvalues, we demonstrate two qualitatively distinct types of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry breaking. Within a subset of the parameter space corresponding to the topologically non-trivial phase of the SSH chains, a gap opens within the broken $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ regime of the discrete eigenvalue spectrum. For relatively smaller values of $\gamma$, the eigenvalues are embedded in the two SSH bands and hence become destabilized primarily due to the resonance interaction with the continuum. We refer to this as reservoir-assisted $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetry breaking. As the value of $\gamma$ is increased, the eigenvalues exit the SSH bands and the discrete eigenstates become more strongly localized in the central trimer region. This approximate decoupling results in the discrete spectrum behaving more like the independent trimer, including both a region in which the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry is restored (the gap) and a second region in which it is broken again. At the exceptional point (EP) marking the boundary between the gap and the second $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-broken region, two of the eigenstates coalesce with the localized zero-energy mode, resulting in a third-order exceptional point (EP3). At the other boundaries of the parameter space at which the gap vanishes, similar higher-order EPs can form as pairs of the discrete eigenstates coalesce with either of the two zero-energy states. The EPs of order $N$ formed of the localized zero-energy state give rise to a characteristic $\sim t^{2N-2}$ evolution in the survival probability dynamics, which we propose to measure in a photonic lattice experiment.

20 pages, 14 figures; significantly updated to include zero-energy states and survival probability simulations

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Topology of multiple cross-linked Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains
• Phase Transitions and Virtual Exceptional Points in Quantum Emitters Coupled to Dissipative Baths
• Scattering description of edge states in Aharonov-Bohm triangle chains
• Weak-coupling bound states in semi-infinite topological waveguide QED
• Supercharging exceptional points: Full-spectrum pairwise coalescence in non-Hermitian systems