An ACA Survey of [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$, CO $J=4-3$, and Dust Continuum in Nearby U/LIRG

Abstract

We present the results of surveying [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$, ${}^{12}$CO $J=4-3$, and 630 $\hat{I}¼$m dust continuum emission for 36 nearby ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) using the Band 8 receiver mounted on the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We describe the survey, observations, data reduction, and results; the main results are as follows. (i) We confirmed that [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$ has a linear relationship with both the ${}^{12}$CO $J=4-3$and 630 $\hat{I}¼$m continuum. (ii) In NGC 6052 and NGC 7679, ${}^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ was detected but [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$ was not detected with a [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$/ ${}^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ ratio of $\lesssim 0.08$. Two possible scenarios of weak [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$ emission are C${}^0$-poor/CO-rich environments or an environment with an extremely large [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$ missing flux. (iii) There is no clear evidence showing that galaxy mergers, AGNs, and dust temperatures control the ratios of [CI] ${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$/ ${}^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ and $L_{[\mathrm{CI}](1-0)}^{\prime }/L_{630\hat{\mathrm{I}}¼\mathrm{m}}$. (iv) We compare our nearby U/LIRGs with high-z galaxies, such as galaxies on the star formation main sequence (MS) at z$\sim 1$ and submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z=2-4$. We found that the mean value for the [CII] ${}^3{P}_1$--${}^3{P}_0$/ ${}^{12}$CO $J=4-3$ ratio of U/LIRGs is similar to that of SMGs but smaller than that of galaxies on the MS.

11 pages, 7 figures, and 42 pages for the appendix, accepted for publication in ApJS