Achieving fault tolerance against amplitude-damping noise

Abstract

With the intense interest in small, noisy quantum computing devices comes the push for larger, more accurate -- and hence more useful -- quantum computers. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are, in principle, capable of achieving arbitrarily accurate calculations using devices subjected to general noise, they require immense resources far beyond our current reach. An intermediate step would be to construct quantum computers of limited accuracy enhanced by lower-level, and hence lower-cost, noise-removal techniques. This is the motivation for our work, which looks into fault-tolerant encoded quantum computation targeted at the dominant noise afflicting the quantum device. Specifically, we develop a protocol for fault-tolerant encoded quantum computing components in the presence of amplitude-damping noise, using a 4-qubit code and a recovery procedure tailored to such noise. We describe a universal set of fault-tolerant encoded gadgets and compute the pseudothreshold for the noise, below which our scheme leads to more accurate computation. Our work demonstrates the possibility of applying the ideas of quantum fault tolerance to targeted noise models, generalizing the recent pursuit of biased-noise fault tolerance beyond the usual Pauli noise models. We also illustrate how certain aspects of the standard fault tolerance intuition, largely acquired through Pauli-noise considerations, can fail in the face of more general noise.

arXiv comment14 pages (main text) + 11 pages (supplemental material), 13 figures

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• Noise-Resilient and Reduced Depth Approximate Adders for NISQ Quantum Computing
• Noise-adapted qudit codes for amplitude-damping noise
• Low-Depth Flag-Style Syndrome Extraction for Small Quantum Error-Correction Codes
• Noise-adapted Quantum Error Correction for Non-Markovian Noise
• The resource cost of large scale quantum computing
• Mixed-State Topological Order under Coherent Noise
• Smallest quantum codes for amplitude damping noise
• Taming Rydberg Decay with Measurement-based Quantum Computation
• Locating Rydberg Decay Error in SWAP-Leakage Reduction Circuit Protocol