Translation symmetry-enriched toric code insulator

Abstract

We introduce a two-dimensional electronic insulator that possesses a toric code topological order enriched by translation symmetry. This state can be realized from disordering a weak topological superconductor by double-vortex condensation. It is termed the toric code insulator, whose anyonic excitations consist of a charge-$e$ chargon, a neutral fermion and two types of visons. There are two types of visons because they have constrained motion as a consequence of the fractional Josephson effect of one-dimensional topological superconductor. Importantly, these two types of visons are related by a discrete translation symmetry and have a mutual semionic braiding statistics, leading to a symmetry-enrichment akin to the type in Wen's plaquette model and Kitaev's honeycomb model. We construct this state using a three-fluid coupled-wire model, and analyze the anyon spectrum and braiding statistics in detail to unveil the nature of symmetry-enrichment due to translation. We also discuss potential material realizations and present a band-theoretic understanding of the state, fitting it into a general framework for studying fractionalizaton in strongly-interacting weak topological phases.

15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Comments are welcome

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• Bridging three-dimensional coupled-wire models and cellular topological states: Solvable models for topological and fracton orders
• Dihedral twist liquid models from emergent Majorana fermions
• Absence of localization in Weyl semimetals