Nodal count for Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators with potential

Abstract

We consider Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators associated to $\Delta +q$ on a Lipschitz domain in a smooth manifold, where $q$ is an $L^{\infty }$ potential. We prove a Courant-type bound for the nodal count of the extensions $u_k$ of the $k$th Dirichlet-to-Neumann eigenfunctions ${\varphi }_k$ to the interior satisfying $(\Delta +q)u_k=0$. The classical Courant nodal domain theorem is known to hold for Steklov eigenfunctions, which are the harmonic extension of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann eigenfunctions associated to $\Delta$. Our result extends it to a larger family of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators. Our proof makes use of the duality between the Steklov and Robin problems.

arXiv commentv.3, 10 pages. Replacement of paper due to a gap in the proof of the result for Dirichlet-to-Neumann eigenfunctions; the bound for the Steklov eigenfunctions is unaffected