Non-monotonic dynamics in the onset of frictional slip

Abstract

The transition from static to dynamic friction is often described as a fracture-like instantaneous slip. However, studies on slow sliding processes aimed at understanding frictional instabilities and earthquakes report slow friction transients that are usually explained by empirical rate-and-state formulations. We perform very slow ($\sim nm/s$) macroscopic-scale sliding experiments and show that the onset of frictional slip is governed by continuous non-monotonic dynamics originating from a competition between contact aging and shear-induced rejuvenation. This allows to describe both our non-monotonic dynamics and the simpler rate-and-state transients with a single evolution equation.