Enumeration of spanning trees of middle graphs

Abstract

Let $D$ be a connected weighted digraph. The relation between the vertex weighted complexity (with a fixed root) of the line digraph of $D$ and the edge weighted complexity (with a fixed root) of $D$ has been given in (L. Levine, Sandpile groups and spanning trees of directed line graphs, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 118 (2011) 350-364) and, independently, in (S. Sato, New proofs for Levine's theorems, Linear Algebra Appl. 435 (2011) 943-952). In this paper, we obtain a relation between the vertex weighted complexity of the middle digraph of $D$ and the edge weighted complexity of $D$. Particularly, when the weight of each arc and each vertex of $D$ is 1, the enumerative formula of spanning trees of the middle digraph of a general digraph is obtained.