Fundamental bounds on the precision of iSCAT, COBRI and dark-field microscopy for 3D localization and mass photometry

Abstract

Interferometric imaging is an emerging technique for particle tracking and mass photometry. Mass or position are estimated from weak signals, coherently scattered from nanoparticles or single molecules, and interfered with a co-propagating reference. In this work, we perform a statistical analysis and derive lower bounds on the measurement precision of the parameters of interest from shot-noise limited images. This is done by computing the classical Cramér-Rao bound for localization and mass estimation, using a precise vectorial model of interferometric imaging techniques. We then derive fundamental bounds valid for any imaging system, based on the quantum Cramér-Rao formalism. This approach enables a rigorous and quantitative comparison of common techniques such as interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT), Coherent Brightfield microscopy (COBRI), and dark-field microscopy. In particular, we demonstrate that the light collection geometry in iSCAT greatly increases the axial position sensitivity, and that the Quantum Cramér-Rao bound for mass estimation yields a minimum relative estimation error of ${\sigma }_m/m=1/(2\sqrt{N})$, where $N$ is the number of collected scattered photons.

References in corpus (4)

• Distributed quantum phase estimation with entangled photons
• The point spread function in interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT). I. Aberrations in defocusing and axial localization
• Deeply Sub-Wavelength Localization with Reverberation-Coded-Aperture
• Fundamental bounds on the precision of classical phase microscopes

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Point spread function engineering for spiral phase interferometric scattering microscopy enables robust 3D single-particle tracking
• Point-Spread-Function Engineering in MINFLUX: Optimality of Donut and Half-Moon Excitation Patterns
• Interferometric Mass Photometry at the Quantum Limit of Sensitivity
• Quantum Limits of Position and Polarizability Estimation in the Optical Near Field