Micropolar continua as projective space of Skyrmions

Abstract

Micropolar continua are shown to be the generalisation of the nematic liquid crystals through perspectives of order parameters, topological and geometrical considerations. Micropolar continua and nematic liquid crystals are recognised as the antipodals of $S^3$ and $S^2$ in projective geometry. We show that position-dependent rotational axial fields in kinematic micropolar continua can be considered as solutions of anisotropic Higgs fields, characterised by integers N. We emphasise that the identical integers N are topological invariants through homotopy classifications based on defects of order parameters and a finite energy requirement. Magnetic monopoles and Skyrmions are investigated based on the theories of defects of continua in Riemann-Cartan manifolds.

arXiv comment25 pages: v2 extended references and minor corrections

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