Intrinsic local symmetry-breaking in nominally cubic paraelectric BaTiO3

Abstract

Whereas low-temperature ferroelectrics have a well understood ordered spatial dipole arrangement, the fate of these dipoles in paraelectric phases remains poorly understood. Using density functional theory (DFT), we find that unlike the case in conventional non-polar ABO${}_3$ compounds illustrated here for cubic BaZrO${}_3$, the origin of the distribution of the B site off-centering in cubic paraelectric such as BaTiO${}_3$ is an intrinsic, energy stabilizing symmetry breaking. Minimizing the internal energy E of a constrained cubic phase already reveals the formation of a distribution of intrinsic local displacements that (i) mimic the symmetries of the low temperature phases, while (ii) being the precursors of what finite temperature DFT Molecular Dynamics finds as thermal motifs. The implications of such symmetry breaking on the microscopic structures and anomalous properties in these kinds of PE materials are discussed.

3 figures, 10 pages

References in corpus (3)

• A polymorphous band structure model of gapping in the anti-ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases of the Mott insulators MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO
• The effects of intrinsic local distortions vs. dynamic thermal motions on the stability and band gaps of cubic oxide and halide perovskites
• Microscopic picture of paraelectric perovskites from structural prototypes

Cited by in corpus (6)

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• Predicting phase transitions in PbTiO${}_3$ using zentropy through quasiharmonic phonon calculations
• Phase transition and polar cluster behavior above Curie temperature in ferroelectric BaTi${}_{0.8}$Zr${}_{0.2}$O${}_3$