Fast generation of mock galaxy catalogues in modified gravity models with COLA

Abstract

We investigate the viability of producing galaxy mock catalogues with COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) simulations in Modified Gravity (MG) models employing the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) formalism. In this work, we focus on two theories of MG: $f(R)$ gravity with the chameleon mechanism, and a braneworld model (nDGP) that incorporates the Vainshtein mechanism. We use a suite of full $N$-body simulations in MG as a benchmark to test the accuracy of COLA simulations. At the level of Dark Matter (DM), we show that COLA accurately reproduces the matter power spectrum up to $k\sim 1h{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$, while it is less accurate in reproducing the velocity field. To produce halo catalogues, we find that the ROCKSTAR halo-finder does not perform well with COLA simulations. On the other hand, using a simple Friends-of-Friends (FoF) finder and an empirical mass conversion from FoF to spherical over-density masses, we are able to produce halo catalogues in COLA that are in good agreement with those in $N$-body simulations. To consider the effects of the MG fifth force on the halo profile, we derive simple fitting formulae for the concentration-mass and the velocity dispersion-mass relations that we calibrate using ROCKSTAR halo catalogues in $N$-body simulations. We then use these results to extend the HOD formalism to modified gravity simulations in COLA. We use an HOD model with five parameters that we tune to obtain galaxy catalogues in redshift space. We find that despite the great freedom of the HOD model, MG leaves characteristic imprints in the redshift space power spectrum multipoles and these features are well captured by the COLA galaxy catalogues.

24 pages, 13 figures, Comments are welcome - Accepted for publication in JCAP

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• Enabling matter power spectrum emulation in beyond-$\Lambda$CDM cosmologies with COLA
• Studying large-scale structure probes of modified gravity with COLA
• Revisiting Vainshtein Screening for fast N-body simulations
• A field-level emulator for modified gravity
• Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation
• Fast simulation mapping: from standard to modified gravity cosmologies using the bias assignment method
• Including relativistic and primordial Non-Gaussianity contributions in cosmological simulations by modifying the initial condition
• Improving the Accuracy of Halo Mass Based Statistics For Fast Approximate N-body Simulations
• Fast Generation of Weak Lensing Maps in Modified Gravity with COLA
• Cosmological gravity on all scales V: MCMC forecasts combining large scale structure and CMB lensing for binned phenomenological modified gravity