Spectral-fingerprinting: Microstate readout via remanence ferromagnetic resonance in artificial spin systems

Abstract

Artificial spin ices are magnetic metamaterials comprising geometrically-tiled interacting nanomagnets. There is significant interest in these systems for reconfigurable magnonics due to their vast microstate landscape. Studies to-date have focused on the in-field GHz spin-wave response, convoluting effects from applied field, nanofabrication-imperfections ('quenched disorder') and microstate-dependent dipolar field landscapes. Here, we study artificial spin ices in pure and disordered microstates and evaluate their zero-field spectra. Removing the applied field allows us to deconvolute contributions to reversal dynamics and spin-wave spectra, directly measuring the dipolar field landscape and quenched disorder. Mode-amplitude provides population readout of nanomagnet magnetisation direction, and hence net magnetisation as well as local vertex populations. We demonstrate microstate-fingerprinting via distinct spectral-readout of three microstates with identical (zero) magnetisation, supported by simulation. These results establish remanence 'spectral-fingerprinting' as a rapid, scalable on-chip readout of both magnetic state and nanoscale dipolar field texture, a critical step in realising next-generation functional magnonic devices.

32 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (9)

• Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
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• Magnonic bending, phase shifting and interferometry in a 2D reconfigurable nanodisk crystal

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• Ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling and chiral spin-texture control in a dipolar 3D multilayered artificial spin-vortex ice
• Neuromorphic Overparameterisation and Few-Shot Learning in Multilayer Physical Neural Networks
• Artificial Spin Ice: A Tutorial on Design and Control of Geometry, Microstate, Magnon Dynamics & Neuromorphic Computing
• Collective ferromagnetism of artificial square spin ice
• Ferromagnetic resonance in 3D-tilted square artificial spin ices