On the formation of terrestrial planets between two massive planets: The case of 55 Cancri
arXiv:2105.10105 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1534
Abstract
Considering the huge computational resources required by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations and the overestimation of post-collision materials from perfect merging, we develop a statistical method to deal with collisions during the formation of planetary systems by introducing random material loss. In this method the mass and water content lost by the sole outcome from every merger vary randomly within a range dependent on the total mass and water content of colliding bodies. The application of the random loss method to the planet formation in the solar system shows a good consistency with existing SPH results. We also apply this method to the extrasolar planetary system 55 Cancri which hosts (at least) five planets and study the formation of terrestrial planets between the outermost two planets. A disk with 500 Mars mass embryos in dynamically cold orbits before the late-stage accretion phase is assumed. Scenarios with different amounts of planetary embryos and different loss parameters are adopted in our simulations. The statistical result from hundreds of simulations shows that an Earth-like planet with water inventory of roughly 6 Earth ocean could form between 55 Cnc f and d. It may reside between 1.0 and 2.6 AU but the most likely region extends from 1.5 to 2.1 AU. Thus the probability of this planet being in the potentially habitable zone (0.59--1.43 AU) is relatively low, only around 10\%. Planets 55 Cnc f and d could also be shaped and gain some water from giant impacts and consequently the orbits of them may also change accordingly.
Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables
References in corpus (36)
- Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates
- Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: Dependence on Planetary Mass
- Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
- Making other Earths: Dynamical Simulations of Terrestrial Planet Formation and Water Delivery
- Collisions between Gravity-Dominated Bodies: 2. The Diversity of Impact Outcomes during the End Stage of Planet Formation
- Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies: 1. Outcome Regimes and Scaling Laws
- High-resolution simulations of the final assembly of Earth-like planets 1: terrestrial accretion and dynamics
- Orbital Evolution of Planets Embedded in a Planetesimal Disk
- Hydrogen Greenhouse Planets Beyond the Habitable Zone
- High-resolution simulations of the final assembly of Earth-like planets 2: water delivery and planetary habitability
- Merging Criteria for Giant Impacts of Protoplanets
- Formation of Terrestrial Planets from Protoplanets under a Realistic Accretion Condition
- Collisional Stripping and Disruption of Super-Earths
- The 55 Cnc system reassessed
- The Frequency of Giant impacts on Earth-like Worlds
- A Compound model for the origin of Earth's water
- Water/Icy Super-Earths: Giant Impacts and Maximum Water Content
- Habitable Planet Formation in Binary-Planetary Systems
- Radii, masses, and ages of 18 bright stars using interferometry and new estimations of exoplanetary parameters
- On the Stability of Test Particles in Extrasolar Multiple Planet Systems
- A smooth particle hydrodynamics code to model collisions between solid, self-gravitating objects
- Survival of Trojan-Type Companions of Neptune During Primordial Planet Migration
- Application of the Titius-Bode Rule to the 55 Cancri System: Tentative Prediction of a Possibly Habitable Planet
- The Effect of Planets Beyond the Ice Line on the Accretion of Volatiles by Habitable-Zone Rocky Planets
- Transfer, loss and physical processing of water in hit-and-run collisions of planetary embryos
- Realistic collisional water transport during terrestrial planet formation: Self-consistent modeling by an N-body--SPH hybrid code
- A dynamical perspective on additional planets in 55 Cancri
- Fragmentation of colliding planetesimals with water content
- Physical properties of terrestrial planets and water delivery in the habitable zone using N-body simulations with fragmentation
- A systematic survey of the dynamics of Uranus Trojans
- Formation and transformation of the 3:1 mean-motion resonance in 55 Cancri System
- Can Planets Exist in the Habitable Zone of 55~Cancri?
- The Formation of Habitable Planets in the Four-Planet System HD 141399
- Water delivery to dry protoplanets by hit-and-run collisions
- Theoretical Studies of Comets in the 55 Cancri System
- Water delivery in the Early Solar System