Doubling the size of quantum simulators by entanglement forging

Abstract

Quantum computers are promising for simulations of chemical and physical systems, but the limited capabilities of today's quantum processors permit only small, and often approximate, simulations. Here we present a method, classical entanglement forging, that harnesses classical resources to capture quantum correlations and double the size of the system that can be simulated on quantum hardware. Shifting some of the computation to classical post-processing allows us to represent ten spin-orbitals on five qubits of an IBM Quantum processor to compute the ground state energy of the water molecule in the most accurate simulation to date. We discuss conditions for applicability of classical entanglement forging and present a roadmap for scaling to larger problems.

References in corpus (4)

• The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states
• Quantum Computation of Electronic Transitions using a Variational Quantum Eigensolver
• Quantum embedding theories
• Variational quantum Monte Carlo simulations with tensor-network states

Cited by in corpus (85)

• The Future of Quantum Computing with Superconducting Qubits
• Emerging quantum computing algorithms for quantum chemistry
• Quantum Machine Learning for Chemistry and Physics
• Digital quantum simulation of open quantum systems using quantum imaginary time evolution
• Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era and beyond
• Circuit knitting with classical communication
• Review of Distributed Quantum Computing. From single QPU to High Performance Quantum Computing
• Orbital-optimized pair-correlated electron simulations on trapped-ion quantum computers
• Variational Quantum Eigensolver with Reduced Circuit Complexity
• Toward Practical Quantum Embedding Simulation of Realistic Chemical Systems on Near-term Quantum Computers
• Optimized compiler for Distributed Quantum Computing
• Holographic dynamics simulations with a trapped ion quantum computer
• Quantum chemistry simulation of ground- and excited-state properties of the sulfonium cation on a superconducting quantum processor
• Ancilla-free implementation of generalized measurements for qubits embedded in a qudit space
• Quantum interferometers: principles and applications
• Stabilizer Tensor Networks: universal quantum simulator on a basis of stabilizer states
• Distributing circuits over heterogeneous, modular quantum computing network architectures
• Towards quantum computing for clinical trial design and optimization: A perspective on new opportunities and challenges
• Investigating the effect of circuit cutting in QAOA for the MaxCut problem on NISQ devices
• Perturbative quantum simulation
• Quantum-centric computation of molecular excited states with extended sample-based quantum diagonalization
• N-electron valence perturbation theory with reference wavefunctions from quantum computing: application to the relative stability of hydroxide anion and hydroxyl radical
• Quantum expectation-value estimation by computational basis sampling
• Quantum Computation of Reactions on Surfaces Using Local Embedding
• Simulating Time Evolution with Fully Optimized Single-Qubit Gates on Parameterized Quantum Circuits
• One-particle Green's functions from the quantum equation of motion algorithm
• Doubly optimal parallel wire cutting without ancilla qubits
• The Basics of Quantum Computing for Chemists
• Second-quantized fermionic operators with polylogarithmic qubit and gate complexity
• Quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians with efficient encoding and ansatz schemes
• Experimental violations of Leggett-Garg's inequalities on a quantum computer
• Using Differential Evolution to avoid local minima in Variational Quantum Algorithms
• Quantum computing quantum Monte Carlo with hybrid tensor network for electronic structure calculations
• Classical Splitting of Parametrized Quantum Circuits
• Networked Quantum Services
• Quantum circuits for the preparation of spin eigenfunctions on quantum computers
• Towards Perturbation Theory Methods on a Quantum Computer
• A stabilizer framework for Contextual Subspace VQE and the noncontextual projection ansatz
• Optimal quantum circuit cuts with application to clustered Hamiltonian simulation
• Overhead-constrained circuit knitting for variational quantum dynamics
• Quantum Chemistry Calculations using Energy Derivatives on Quantum Computers
• Partitioning Quantum Chemistry Simulations with Clifford Circuits
• Benchmarking Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum Error Mitigation Strategies for Ground State Preparation of the HCl Molecule
• Simulation of a Diels-Alder Reaction on a Quantum Computer
• Unitary Partitioning and the Contextual Subspace Variational Quantum Eigensolver
• Experimental demonstration of a high-fidelity virtual two-qubit gate
• Solving an Industrially Relevant Quantum Chemistry Problem on Quantum Hardware
• Hybrid Tree Tensor Networks for quantum simulation
• Efficient and Robust Parameter Optimization of the Unitary Coupled-Cluster Ansatz
• A Hardware-Aware Gate Cutting Framework for Practical Quantum Circuit Knitting
• Distributed Quantum Computing for Chemical Applications
• Modeling Short-Range Microwave Networks to Scale Superconducting Quantum Computation
• Distributed quantum machine learning via classical communication
• Hybrid Ground-State Quantum Algorithms based on Neural Schrödinger Forging
• Precision ground-state energy calculation for the water molecule on a superconducting quantum processor
• Coupled cluster method tailored with quantum computing
• Optimal wire cutting with classical communication
• Quantum Tensor Product Decomposition from Choi State Tomography
• Dimension reduction and redundancy removal through successive Schmidt decompositions
• Comparison of encoding schemes for quantum computing of $S>1/2$ spin chains
• Using the inductive-energy participation ratio to characterize a superconducting quantum chip
• Extending Quantum Computing through Subspace, Embedding and Classical Molecular Dynamics Techniques
• Flow of quantum correlations in noisy two-mode squeezed microwave states
• Hamiltonian Forging of a Thermofield Double
• Resource-efficient Generalized Quantum Subspace Expansion
• Software-Hardware Co-Optimization for Computational Chemistry on Superconducting Quantum Processors
• Resource-Efficient Quantum Circuits for Molecular Simulations: A Case Study of Umbrella Inversion in Ammonia
• Anticipative measurements in hybrid quantum-classical computation
• Noisy Probabilistic Error Cancellation and Generalized Physical Implementability
• Quantum Machine Learning of Molecular Energies with Hybrid Quantum-Neural Wavefunction
• Constructing Local Bases for a Deep Variational Quantum Eigensolver for Molecular Systems
• A system design approach toward integrated cryogenic quantum control systems
• Demonstration of teleportation across a quantum network code
• Density matrix representation of hybrid tensor networks for noisy quantum devices
• Perspectives on Utilization of Measurements in Quantum Algorithms
• Classically-Boosted Variational Quantum Eigensolver
• Parallelized Givens Ansatz for Molecular ground-states: Bridging Accuracy and Efficiency on NISQ Platforms
• Circuit cutting with classical side information
• Orbital Expansion Variational Quantum Eigensolver: Enabling Efficient Simulation of Molecules with Shallow Quantum Circuit
• Bell inequalities with overlapping measurements
• Correcting and extending Trotterized quantum many-body dynamics
• Towards Compact Wavefunctions from Quantum-Selected Configuration Interaction
• Ptychographic estimation of pure multiqubit states in a quantum device
• Distributed variational quantum computing with deterministic entanglement tuning
• Unitary-transformed projective squeezing: applications for circuit-knitting and state-preparation of non-Gaussian states