Sums of polynomial-type exceptional units modulo $n$

Abstract

Let $f(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be a nonconstant polynomial. Let $n,k$ and $c$ be integers such that $n\ge 1$ and $k\ge 2$. An integer $a$ is called an $f$-exunit in the ring ${\mathbb{Z}}_n$ of residue classes modulo $n$ if $\gcd (f(a),n)=1$. In this paper, we use the principle of cross-classification to derive an explicit formula for the number ${\mathcal{N}}_{k,f,c}(n)$ of solutions $(x_1,...,x_k)$ of the congruence $x_1+...+x_k\equiv c(\mathrm{mod}n)$ with all $x_i$ being $f$-exunits in the ring ${\mathbb{Z}}_n$. This extends a recent result of Anand {\it et al.} [On a question of $f$-exunits in $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$, {\it Arch. Math. (Basel)} {\bf 116} (2021), 403-409]. We derive a more explicit formula for ${\mathcal{N}}_{k,f,c}(n)$ when $f(x)$ is linear or quadratic.

8 pages. Final version