Magnetic Fluctuations in Gyrokinetic Simulations of Tokamak Scrape-Off Layer Turbulence

Abstract

Understanding turbulent transport physics in the tokamak edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) is critical to developing a successful fusion reactor. The dynamics in these regions plays a key role in achieving high fusion performance by determining the edge pedestal that suppresses turbulence in H-mode. Additionally, the survivability of a reactor is set by the heat load to the vessel walls, making it important to understand turbulent spreading of heat as it flows along open magnetic field lines in the SOL. Large-amplitude fluctuations, magnetic X-point geometry, and plasma interactions with material walls make simulating turbulence in the edge/SOL more challenging than in the core region, necessitating specialized gyrokinetic codes. Further, the inclusion of electromagnetic effects in gyrokinetic simulations that can handle the unique challenges of the boundary plasma is critical to the understanding of phenomena such as the pedestal and ELMs, for which electromagnetic dynamics are expected to be important. In this thesis, we develop the first capability to simulate electromagnetic gyrokinetic turbulence on open magnetic field lines. This is an important step towards comprehensive electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of the coupled edge/SOL system. By using a continuum full-f approach via an energy-conserving discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization scheme that avoids the Ampere cancellation problem, we show that electromagnetic fluctuations can be handled in a robust, stable, and efficient manner in the gyrokinetic module of the Gkeyll code. We then present results which roughly model the scrape-off layer of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), and show that electromagnetic effects can affect blob dynamics and transport. We also formulate the gyrokinetic system in field-aligned coordinates for modeling realistic edge and scrape-off layer geometries in experiments.

Princeton University PhD thesis, 274 pages

References in corpus (4)

• Continuum Kinetic and Multi-Fluid Simulations of Classical Sheaths
• Constructing a new predictive scaling formula for ITER's divertor heat-load width informed by a simulation-anchored machine learning
• Velocity shear, turbulent saturation, and steep plasma gradients in the scrape-off layer of inner-wall limited tokamaks
• Gyrokinetic Continuum Simulation of Turbulence in Open-Field-Line Plasmas

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Kinetic modeling of neutral transport for a continuum gyrokinetic code
• Turbulent broadening of electron heat-flux width in electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of a helical scrape-off layer model
• Turbulent field fluctuations in gyrokinetic and fluid plasmas
• Mapped discontinuous Galerkin interpolations and sheared boundary conditions