Stabilization of multi-mode Schrodinger cat states via normal-mode dissipation engineering

Abstract

Non-Gaussian quantum states have been deterministically prepared and autonomously stabilized in single- and two-mode circuit quantum electrodynamics architectures via engineered dissipation. However, it is currently unknown how to scale up this technique to multi-mode non-Gaussian systems. Here, we upgrade dissipation engineering to collective (normal) modes of nonlinear resonator arrays and show how to stabilize multi-mode Schrodinger cat states. These states are multi-photon and multi-mode quantum superpositions of coherent states in a single normal mode delocalized over an arbitrary number of cavities. We consider tailored dissipative coupling between resonators that are parametrically driven and feature an on-site nonlinearity, which is either a Kerr-type nonlinearity or an engineered two-photon loss. For both types of nonlinearity, we find the same exact closed-form solutions for the two-dimensional steady-state manifold spanned by superpositions of multi-mode Schrodinger cat states. We further show that, in the Zeno limit of strong dissipative coupling, the even parity multi-mode cat state can be deterministically prepared from the vacuum. Remarkably, engineered two-photon loss gives rise to a fast relaxation towards the steady state, protecting the state preparation against decoherence due to intrinsic single-photon losses and imperfections in tailored dissipative coupling, which sets in at longer times. The relaxation time is independent of system size making the state preparation scalable. Multi-mode cat states are naturally endowed with a noise bias that increases exponentially with system size and can thus be exploited for enhanced robust encoding of quantum information.

20 pages, 8 figures; Section 8 and Appendices C, G, and H added in v2; Section 1 and Figure 1 revised in v2

References in corpus (9)

• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
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• Building a fault-tolerant quantum computer using concatenated cat codes
• Nonreciprocal microwave signal processing with a Field-Programmable Josephson Amplifier
• Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits
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• Two emitters coupled to a bath with Kerr-like non-linearity: Exponential decay, fractional populations, and Rabi oscillations
• Initial-state-dependent quantum speed limit for dissipative state preparation: Framework and optimization
• Engineering the speedup of quantum tunneling in Josephson systems via dissipation
• Quantum teleportation of cat states with binary-outcome measurements
• Nonlinearity-driven Topology via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking