The morphology of the X-ray afterglows and of the jetted GeV emission in long GRBs

Abstract

We recall evidence that long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have binary progenitors and give new examples. Binary-driven hypernovae (BdHNe) consist of a carbon-oxygen core (CO${}_{\mathrm{core}}$) and a neutron star (NS) companion. For binary periods $\sim 5$ min, the CO${}_{\mathrm{core}}$ collapse originates the subclass BdHN I characterized by: 1) an energetic supernova (the "SN-rise"); 2) a black hole (BH), born from the NS collapse by SN matter accretion, leading to a GeV emission with luminosity $L_{\mathrm{GeV}}=A_{\mathrm{GeV}}{t}^{-{\alpha }_{\mathrm{GeV}}}$, observed only in some cases; 3) a new NS ($\nu$NS), born from the SN, originating the X-ray afterglow with $L_X=A_{\mathrm{X}}{t}^{-{\alpha }_{\mathrm{X}}}$, observed in all BdHN I. We record $378$ sources and present for four prototypes GRBs 130427A, 160509A, 180720B and 190114C: 1) spectra, luminosities, SN-rise duration; 2) $A_X$, ${\alpha }_X=1.48\pm 0.32$, and 3) the $\nu$NS spin time-evolution. We infer a) $A_{\mathrm{GeV}}$, ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{GeV}}=1.19\pm 0.04$; b) the BdHN I morphology from time-resolved spectral analysis, three-dimensional simulations, and the GeV emission presence/absence in $54$ sources within the Fermi-LAT boresight angle. For $25$ sources, we give the integrated and time-varying GeV emission, $29$ sources have no GeV emission detected and show X/gamma-ray flares previously inferred as observed along the binary plane. The $25/54$ ratio implies the GeV radiation is emitted within a cone of half-opening angle $\approx 60^{\circ }$ from the normal to the orbital plane. We deduce BH masses $2.3$-$8.9M_{\odot }$ and spin $0.27$-$0.87$ by explaining the GeV emission from the BH energy extraction, while their time evolution validates the BH mass-energy formula.

Accepted for publication by MNRAS on March 5, 2021; in press

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Gravitomagnetic interaction of a Kerr black hole with a magnetic field as the source of the jetted GeV radiation of gamma-ray bursts
• Nature of the ultrarelativistic prompt emission phase of GRB 190114C
• The structure of the ultrarelativistic prompt emission phase and the properties of the black hole in GRB 180720B
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